Steps Necessary To Pass The COBIT-Design-and-Implementation Exam from Training Expert DumpsFree
Valid Way To Pass COBIT Design and Implementation's COBIT-Design-and-Implementation Exam
NEW QUESTION # 72
Who is responsible for performing a stakeholder satisfaction survey and gathering feedback on lessons learned from the implementation of an EGIT program plan?
- A. The CIO and the program steering committee
- B. Business executives and the I&T governance board
- C. The risk and compliance function and IT audit
- D. IT managers and IT process owners
Answer: A
Explanation:
The COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide assigns accountability for program-level evaluation and benefits realization to executive roles responsible for governance oversight. Specifically, the program steering committee, chaired or sponsored by the CIO, is accountable for monitoring outcomes, assessing stakeholder satisfaction, and capturing lessons learned once implementation phases are completed.
While IT managers and process owners contribute operational input, they are not accountable for enterprise- wide feedback. Similarly, audit and compliance functions provide independent assurance rather than program ownership. Business executives and governance boards retain oversight but do not execute implementation monitoring activities.
The Implementation Guide stresses that continuous improvement depends on formal feedback loops, including stakeholder surveys and post-implementation reviews. These activities ensure alignment with enterprise goals, validate benefits realization, and support momentum for future governance improvements.
The CIO plays a central role by coordinating across business and IT, while the steering committee ensures decisions remain aligned with strategic objectives. This shared responsibility ensures accountability, transparency, and sustainability of the EGIT program.
NEW QUESTION # 73
What is the FINAL step in governance system design?
- A. Review governance objectives that correspond to high compliance requirements.
- B. Refine the scope of the governance system.
- C. Define target capability levels for the most critical objectives.
- D. Reconcile inherent priority conflicts.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The final step in governance system design is to reconcile inherent priority conflicts. This ensures that all conflicting priorities among stakeholders are addressed and resolved to create a cohesive and aligned governance system.
The reconciliation of inherent priority conflicts is a critical final step to ensure that the designed governance system can effectively meet the needs and expectations of all stakeholders. This involves negotiating and balancing different priorities to ensure that the governance objectives are achievable and aligned with the enterprise's strategic goals.
COBIT 2019 Framework References:
* COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 5:Emphasizes the importance of addressing and reconciling priority conflicts to finalize the governance system design.
* COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 7:Discusses the necessity of resolving conflicts and aligning objectives as part of the final steps in the governance system design process.
By reconciling priority conflicts, the enterprise ensures that the governance system is practical, balanced, and capable of delivering the desired outcomes.
NEW QUESTION # 74
Which of the following stakeholders is responsible for creating or updating EGIT objectives following the completion of the first iteration of an EGIT program implementation life cycle?
- A. The risk and compliance function and IT audit
- B. The board of directors and the program steering committee
- C. IT managers and IT process owners
- D. The CIO and business executives
Answer: D
Explanation:
The stakeholders responsible for creating or updating EGIT objectives following the completion of the first iteration of an EGIT program implementation life cycle are the CIO and business executives. They have the strategic oversight and authority to set and adjust objectives based on the initial outcomes and evolving business needs.
The CIO and business executives play a critical role in ensuring that the EGIT (Enterprise Governance of Information and Technology) objectives are aligned with business strategy and goals. After the first iteration, their involvement is crucial to review progress, adjust objectives, and ensure continued alignment with enterprise priorities.
COBIT 2019 Framework References:
COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 7:Highlights the roles of senior management, including the CIO and business executives, in setting and updating EGIT objectives.
COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 4:Emphasizes the importance of executive involvement in governance system design and iterative improvement.
By engaging the CIO and business executives in this process, the enterprise ensures that EGIT objectives remain relevant and aligned with overall business strategy.
NEW QUESTION # 75
What is the PRIMARY difference between an international enterprise with 200,000 employees (large) and a domestic one that has 200 employees (small) when completing a governance system design?
- A. Large enterprises use a COBIT model and small enterprises use an SME focus area.
- B. Fewer governance objectives are considered for a small enterprise.
- C. Small enterprises use a COBIT model and large enterprises use international standards.
- D. Large enterprises have a higher risk profile with key risk indicators (KRIs).
Answer: A
Explanation:
COBIT 2019 includes guidance on tailoring governance systems based on enterprise size:
"For smaller enterprises, a specific SME focus area is available. Larger enterprises typically use the full COBIT model, leveraging its comprehensive governance and management objectives." This distinction ensures the scalability and relevance of COBIT to both large and small organizations.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Section 4.4.1
NEW QUESTION # 76
Which of the following is the BEST starting point when translating enterprise goals into actionable governance and management objectives?
- A. Generic enterprise goals
- B. Risk-based enterprise goals
- C. Prioritized enterprise goals
- D. Selective enterprise goals
Answer: A
Explanation:
The COBIT 2019 Design Guide provides a set of generic enterprise goals which:
"Serve as the baseline for mapping to governance and management objectives. These generic goals help initiate the translation process and can be customized later." Thus, generic goals are the best starting point.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Appendix A
NEW QUESTION # 77
A recent merger requires an IT initiative to consolidate administrative systems. Where can the implementation team find the details of the intended future state?
- A. Third-party review results
- B. Business case
- C. The board's published announcement of the initiative
- D. Capability assessment results
Answer: B
Explanation:
The COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide explains that the business case documents both the drivers for change and the intended future (to-be) state. In merger scenarios, the business case outlines how systems should be consolidated, what capabilities are required, and what outcomes are expected.
Board announcements communicate intent but lack operational detail. Capability assessments describe the current state. Third-party reviews provide independent opinions but do not define the enterprise's desired future configuration.
The business case serves as the authoritative reference for scope, objectives, benefits, and target capabilities, making it the correct source for future-state details.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which of the following should be a KEY consideration for an enterprise when refining the scope of the governance system in the third stage of the Governance System Design Workflow?
- A. The risk profile
- B. Current l&T-related risks
- C. Compliance requirements
- D. Enterprise strategy
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the third stage of the Governance System Design Workflow, refining the scope of the governance system involves aligning it closely with the overall strategic direction and objectives of the enterprise. COBIT 2019 emphasizes that the governance system should support the enterprise's strategy to ensure that I&T-related activities contribute effectively to achieving business goals.
Key considerations for refining the scope include:
* Enterprise Strategy (Option A): The primary consideration is ensuring that the governance system aligns with and supports the enterprise strategy. This involves understanding the strategic objectives,
* goals, and priorities of the organization and ensuring that the governance system is designed to help achieve these strategic aims. This alignment ensures that IT governance is not just a compliance exercise but a strategic enabler for business success.
* Current I&T-Related Risks (Option B): While important, this factor is more about addressing immediate operational concerns and is typically considered earlier in the process to identify and mitigate significant risks.
* The Risk Profile (Option C): Understanding the overall risk profile and risk appetite of the enterprise is crucial for shaping the governance system but is not the primary focus in the third stage. This aspect is usually addressed in earlier stages to ensure that the governance framework adequately covers risk management.
* Compliance Requirements (Option D): Ensuring compliance is always a critical consideration, but like risk management, it is typically addressed earlier in the designprocess. Compliance requirements should be integrated into the governance framework but are not the key driver at the refining stage.
Thus, the correct answer isA. Enterprise strategy. By focusing on the enterprise strategy during the third stage of the Governance System Design Workflow, the governance system can be refined to support strategic initiatives, thereby ensuring that IT governance contributes directly to achieving business goals.
References:
* ISACA. COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information and Technology Governance Solution.
ISACA.
* ISACA. COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology. ISACA.
NEW QUESTION # 79
A traditional brick-and-mortar company is planning to fast-track its growth by implementing an information and technology governance system to achieve enterprise goals. Which of the following is the KEY enabler of success in achieving the goals?
- A. Tailoring the security policy according to the technology deployed
- B. Setting capability levels for key business processes
- C. Establishing applicable governance and management objectives
- D. Conducting staff training programs for performing IT-enabled processes
Answer: C
Explanation:
For a traditional brick-and-mortar company planning to fast-track its growth by implementing an information and technology governance system to achieve enterprise goals, establishing applicable governance and management objectives is the key enabler of success.
References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:
COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, EDM01 (Ensure Governance Framework Setting and Maintenance):This objective underscores the importance of defining clear governance and management objectives to guide the implementation and achieve enterprise goals.
COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 4:This chapter discusses the importance of setting relevant and applicable governance and management objectives to align IT governance with business strategy and goals.
By establishing clear governance and management objectives, the company can ensure that its IT governance efforts are aligned with its strategic goals, driving growth and achieving desired outcomes.
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which of the following is the MOST common risk response used in risk management?
- A. Risk transfer
- B. Risk acceptance
- C. Risk mitigation
- D. Risk avoidance
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to COBIT 2019 and general IT risk management principles:
"Risk mitigation is the most commonly used response strategy. It involves taking action to reduce the likelihood or impact of a risk, often by implementing controls or other countermeasures." This is supported in COBIT's treatment of risk under governance objective EDM03.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Governance and Management Objectives, EDM03
NEW QUESTION # 81
What can management do to help ensure a planned IT initiative will meet future state objectives?
- A. Monitor key risk indicators (KRIs).
- B. Conduct stage gate reviews during implementation.
- C. Establisha return on investment (ROI)target.
- D. Define operational performance metrics.
Answer: B
Explanation:
To ensure a planned IT initiative meets future state objectives, management should conduct stage gate reviews during implementation. Stage gate reviews are a critical part of project management and governance, ensuring that projects are on track, meeting their objectives, and adhering to the planned schedule and budget.
Stage gate reviews are formal checkpoints at various phases of a project where progress is assessed, and decisions are made about whether to proceed to the next stage. These reviews help to ensure that:
* The project remains aligned with business objectives and stakeholder expectations.
* Risks are identified and managed effectively.
* Necessary adjustments are made based on the current project status and future state objectives.
COBIT 2019 emphasizes the importance of governance and management practices to ensure successful project outcomes. Stage gate reviews align with COBIT's governance objectives by providing oversight, ensuring alignment with business goals, and enabling course corrections when needed.
COBIT 2019 Framework References:
* COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, BAI01 Manage Programs and Projects:This objective highlights the importance of structured project management and governance practices, including stage gate reviews.
* COBIT 2019 Design Guide:Emphasizes the need for effective monitoring and control mechanisms throughout the project lifecycle to ensure alignment with enterprise goals.
Conducting stage gate reviews is a proactive measure to ensure that IT initiatives stay on track and achieve their intended future state objectives, making it the best choice among the given options.
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following should be used when translating design factor values into governance and management priorities?
- A. Weighted average
- B. Weighted calculation
- C. Matrix calculation
- D. Pareto analysis
Answer: B
Explanation:
When translating design factor values into governance and management priorities, a weighted calculation should be used. This method allows for the consideration of various factors according to their relative importance and impact on the governance system.
References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:
COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 4:This chapter explains the process of translating design factor values into actionable governance and management priorities, emphasizing the use of weighted calculations to reflect the importance of different design factors.
COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, Chapter 4:This chapter highlights how weighted calculations can help prioritize governance and management activities based on the enterprise's specific context and needs.
Using weighted calculations ensures a balanced and proportionate approach to prioritizing governance and management objectives, leading to a more effective and tailored governance system.
NEW QUESTION # 83
An enterprise is considering threat landscape as a design factor for its governance system. Which of the following would be a reason to classify the threat landscape as high?
- A. Geopolitical situations affecting the enterprise
- B. Potential new competitors entering the market
- C. IT trends that could be used in favor of the enterprise
- D. Service delivery problems byIT outsourcers
Answer: A
Explanation:
An enterprise would classify the threat landscape as high if geopolitical situations are affecting the enterprise.
Geopolitical factors can introduce significant risks, such as instability, regulatory changes, or economic sanctions, which can have a profound impact on the enterprise's operations and strategic goals.
In COBIT 2019, the threat landscape design factor considers various external threats that could impact the enterprise. Geopolitical situations are a significant external factor that can elevate the threat landscape due to potential disruptions and increased risks.
COBIT 2019 Framework References:
* COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 2:Discusses the importance of assessing external threats, including geopolitical situations, when evaluating the threat landscape.
* COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 7:Emphasizes the need to consider external factors such as geopolitical risks in the governance system design.
Classifying the threat landscape as high due to geopolitical situations ensures that the enterprise proactively addresses these risks and implements appropriate governance and risk management strategies to mitigate potential impacts.
NEW QUESTION # 84
Which of the following describes the difference between the Risk Profile design factor and the I&T-Related Issues design factor?
- A. IT issues describe potential events that could impact the organization in the future, whereas IT risk scenarios describe events or current situations affecting the organization.
- B. IT risk scenarios have been described in more detail in the COBIT 2019 Design Guide than IT issues in order to cover a wide range of potential risk.
- C. IT risk scenarios describe potential events that could impact the organization in the future, whereas IT issues describe events or current situations affecting the organization.
- D. IT risk scenarios are more detailed and IT issues are more summarized, and the organization can decide which one to use when designing its governance system.
Answer: C
Explanation:
"The risk profile identifies the sort of IT-related risk to which the enterprise is currently exposed..."
"Step 1.4: Understand current I&T-related issues-An analysis of the current situation ... resulted in an assessment of current I&T-related issues..."
NEW QUESTION # 85
Who is ULTIMATELY accountable for approving all IT-related principles, structures, and objectives that will be used when implementing a new IT governance function?
- A. Business owners
- B. Enterprise risk committee
- C. Executive committee
- D. Portfolio management
Answer: C
Explanation:
In COBIT 2019, ultimate accountability for governance decisions lies with the governing body or executive committee:
"The executive committee or board is ultimately accountable for the approval of IT governance principles, frameworks, structures, and objectives." They ensure alignment with enterprise strategy and oversight.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Governance and Management Objectives, Governance Objectives Overview
NEW QUESTION # 86
A highly successful start-up enterprise has decided to use the COBIT design guide to develop a tailored governance system. Which of the following design factors is MOST important to consider when the goal is to increase market share?
- A. Risk profile
- B. IT-related issues
- C. Role of IT
- D. Enterprise strategy
Answer: D
Explanation:
The COBIT 2019 Design Guide clarifies that enterprise strategy is a critical design factor when aligning governance with business goals:
"Enterprise strategy guides the prioritization and selection of governance and management objectives. For example, if the strategy is to grow market share, the objectives related to innovation and service delivery will be emphasized." Hence,enterprise strategyis the most important factor to consider in this scenario.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Section 4.4.1
NEW QUESTION # 87
When assessing the current state of I&T, a continual improvement task includes:
- A. Identifying key enterprise and supporting alignment goals.
- B. Raising executive awareness of IT and the value of EGIT.
- C. Identifying potential process improvements.
- D. Developing metrics to monitor I&T performance.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide:
"During the 'Where are we now?' phase, the enterprise assesses the current state of governance and identifies process capability gaps. These gaps directly inform process improvement opportunities for the implementation roadmap." The emphasis at this stage is on evaluation and gap identification-not strategic goal-setting or awareness- building, which occur earlier in the lifecycle.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Phase 2
NEW QUESTION # 88
What is the role of the change enablement component in the continual improvement life cycle approach of EGIT implementation?
- A. To identify what needs to be done in terms of solutions for day-to-day practices as part of the EGIT improvement or implementation
- B. To manage the changes in the enterprise's organizational structures resulting from the EGIT improvement or implementation
- C. When reviewing the success of the EGIT initiative, identify further actions to improve the governance system
- D. To address behavioral and cultural aspects of the EGIT improvement or implementation
Answer: D
Explanation:
The COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide specifies:
"The change enablement component addresses behavioral and cultural aspects of the implementation or improvement initiative. It is key to achieving commitment and reducing resistance to change." Therefore, change enablement is focused on culture and behavior, not organizational structures or technical implementation details.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Phase 2
NEW QUESTION # 89
The threat landscape and specific risk are associated with which of the following design factor impacts?
- A. Target capability levels
- B. Management objective priority
- C. Need for specific focus area guidance
- D. Component variation
Answer: C
Explanation:
COBIT 2019 identifies the Threat Landscape as a design factor that determines how exposed an enterprise is to internal and external threats such as cyberattacks, fraud, geopolitical instability, or operational disruption.
When the threat landscape is assessed as high, COBIT does not merely recommend increasing generic controls; instead, it emphasizes the need for specialized and focused guidance.
The Design Guide explicitly links elevated threats to the application of focus area variants, such as information security, risk, privacy, or resilience. These focus areas provide deeper, context-specific guidance beyond the core governance model. While management objective priority and capability levels may also be influenced indirectly, the primary and direct impact of a high threat landscape is the requirement for specific focus area guidance tailored to the nature of the threats faced.
Component variation refers to tailoring governance components, and capability levels describe performance expectations, but neither addresses the necessity for specialized governance content. COBIT's design philosophy recognizes that high-risk environments require more than generic controls-they require targeted governance practices aligned with recognized risk domains. Therefore, the correct and primary impact is the need for specific focus area guidance.
NEW QUESTION # 90
Which of the following tools would be MOST useful for measuring and monitoring performance and the realization of benefits from an EGIT implementation program plan project?
- A. Gantt chart
- B. RACI chart
- C. Project management software
- D. IT balanced scorecard
Answer: D
Explanation:
The most useful tool for measuring and monitoring performance and the realization of benefits from an EGIT implementation program plan project is the IT balanced scorecard. The balanced scorecard provides a comprehensive view of performance across multiple dimensions, aligning IT objectives with business goals.
References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:
* COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, MEA01 (Managed Performance and Conformance Monitoring):This objective discusses the use of balanced scorecards to monitor and measure performance effectively.
* COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 5:This chapter highlights the importance of performance measurement tools, including the IT balanced scorecard, for tracking progress and ensuring the realization of benefits from IT governance initiatives.
NEW QUESTION # 91
Which of the following would BEST enable the prioritization of governance objectives?
- A. The enterprises risk tolerance
- B. The IT strategic plan
- C. Expected performance outcomes
- D. A matrixed scoring methodology
Answer: D
Explanation:
In COBIT 2019, the prioritization of governance objectives is essential to ensure that the most critical aspects of IT governance receive the necessary focus and resources. A matrixed scoring methodology is considered the best enabler for prioritizing governance objectives because it provides a structured, systematic, and quantifiable approach to evaluating and ranking various governance objectives based on multiple criteria.
Detailed Explanation with References:
IT Strategic Plan (Option A):
The IT strategic plan outlines the strategic direction and objectives of IT within the organization. While it provides guidance on long-term goals and initiatives, it does not offer a detailed mechanism for prioritizing specific governance objectives.
Matrixed Scoring Methodology (Option B):
A matrixed scoring methodology allows the organization to evaluate governance objectives against a set of predefined criteria such as strategic alignment, risk impact, resource availability, and expected benefits. This methodology helps in objectively assessing and comparing the importance and urgency of different governance objectives. By assigning scores to each criterion, organizations can create a prioritized list based on overall scores, ensuring that the most critical and impactful objectives are addressed first.
This approach is comprehensive and takes into account multiple factors, providing a balanced and transparent means of prioritizing objectives. It enables decision-makers to justify their choices and ensures that prioritization is aligned with the organization's strategic goals and risk profile.
Enterprise's Risk Tolerance (Option C):
The enterprise's risk tolerance is an important factor in governance decisions, as it defines the level of risk the organization is willing to accept. However, while it influences prioritization, it is not a standalone methodology for prioritizing governance objectives. Risk tolerance must be considered within a broader context of criteria, which a matrixed scoring methodology can effectively encompass.
Expected Performance Outcomes (Option D):
Expected performance outcomes are crucial for evaluating the success of governance initiatives, but they do not provide a methodology for prioritizing objectives. They are one of the factors that can be included in a matrixed scoring methodology to assess the potential impact and value of each objective.
Conclusion:The correct answer isB. A matrixed scoring methodology. This method provides a robust, multi- criteria approach to prioritizing governance objectives, ensuring that decisions are made based on a balanced consideration of various relevant factors.
References:
ISACA. COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives. ISACA.
ISACA. COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information and Technology Governance Solution.
ISACA.
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which of the following MOST effectively addresses cultural aspects of a major international IT initiative that impacts the entire enterprise?
- A. Change enablement
- B. Risk assessments
- C. Continuous improvement
- D. Program management
Answer: A
Explanation:
Change enablement most effectively addresses the cultural aspects of a major international IT initiative that impacts the entire enterprise. It ensures that changes are managed smoothly and that the organization's culture is considered and aligned with the new initiatives.
References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:
* COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, BAI05 (Managed Organizational Change):This objective focuses on managing organizational change effectively,
* including cultural aspects.
* COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 4:This chapter emphasizes the importance of change management practices in addressing cultural aspects and ensuring successful implementation of major initiatives.
Effective change enablement considers the cultural context, helping to align stakeholder expectations and promote acceptance and adoption of new initiatives across the enterprise.
NEW QUESTION # 93
Ensuring the program team knows and understands the enterprise goals is a part of which of the following implementation phases?
- A. Where are we now?
- B. What are the drivers?
- C. How do we get there?
- D. Where do we want to be?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Phase 1 - What are the drivers? focuses on establishing a shared understanding of why change is needed. This includes clarifying enterprise goals, strategic priorities, and stakeholder expectations.
Before assessing current state or defining a target state, the implementation team must understand what the enterprise is trying to achieve. Without this understanding, governance improvements risk being misaligned or ineffective.
The guide explicitly links drivers to enterprise goals, pain points, and trigger events. Ensuring the program team understands enterprise goals at this stage enables consistent decision-making throughout the implementation lifecycle and supports alignment between governance activities and business value creation.
NEW QUESTION # 94
The selection of relevant design factors and associated descriptive values will drive which of the following?
- A. Capability levels for processes
- B. Prioritization of governance and management objectives
- C. Selection of the technology adoption strategy
- D. Ranking of enterprise and alignment goals
Answer: B
Explanation:
The COBIT 2019 Design Guide states:
"Design factors and their descriptive values influence the prioritization of governance and management objectives, ensuring that the governance system aligns with the enterprise's context and goals." Hence, these factors help determine which objectives are most important to implement or improve first.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Section 5.3
NEW QUESTION # 95
When tailoring a governance system for an enterprise, which of the following is MOST important to consider for an operating environment with a high compliance requirement?
- A. Geopolitical situation
- B. Enterprise goals
- C. Threat landscape
- D. Enterprise strategy
Answer: C
Explanation:
In environments withhigh compliance requirements, thethreat landscapebecomes a critical design factor, especially regarding legal, regulatory, and cyber-risk exposure.
"A heightened threat landscape, influenced by legal, regulatory, and security challenges, necessitates more stringent governance and risk controls." The threat landscape in such contexts often includes not only cyber threats but also strict regulatory obligations that, if not met, can result in severe penalties. Thus, governance systems must be designed with a proactive focus on risk and compliance controls, driven by a thorough understanding of the threat landscape.
Reference:COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Section 4.4.5
NEW QUESTION # 96
I&T-related issues, also called pain points:
- A. are restricted to internally generated issues.
- B. could be considered risks that have not yet materialized.
- C. could be considered risks that have materialized.
- D. are generally reported and tracked separately from risk management processes.
Answer: C
Explanation:
I&T-related issues, also called pain points, could be considered risks that have materialized. These issues represent current challenges and problems that the enterprise is facing, indicating that certain risks have already impacted the organization.
References in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:
* COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 2:This chapter explains that I&T-related issues or pain points are current problems that the enterprise needs to address, indicating that these risks have already materialized.
* COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, APO12 (Managed Risk):This objective emphasizes the importance of identifying and managing risks, including those that have already impacted the organization.
By recognizing that I&T-related issues are materialized risks, enterprises can focus on mitigating these issues and preventing future occurrences, ensuring better risk management and governance.
NEW QUESTION # 97
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